Unit 1
accessible - easy for anyone to obtain and use
alter - make sth different
aspect - particular part, feature or quality of sth
association - a group of people who have joined together because they have similar
interests or aims
barriers - sth that prevents people from communicating or working together
a gate or a bar that stops people or cars from entering a place
benefit - sth that gives you advantages or improves your life
blend - mix different substances, food or colours together
bossy - someone who keeps telling people what to do in an annoying way
changeover - change from one method, system or activity to another
chatterbox - someone who talks a lot
clap - hit your hands together many times to show that you liked sth
colossal - extremely great or large
complicated - difficult to do, understand
conduct - to do sth in an organised way, take someone somewhere
conference - a large meeting often lasting for days
confusing - not easy to understand, complicated, not well explained
considerable - large in size, amount or degree
consultant - an expert whose job is to give help or advice on a particular subject
convey - communicate ideas or feelings indirectly
corporation - a large company or business organisation
costly - costing a lot of money, expensive
culture - activities involving music, literature and other arts
currently - at the present time
dedicated - spending all your time and effort on sth
discipline - the practice of making people obey rules of behaviour
diverse - very different from each other
dominance - the situation in which one person or thing has more influence or power
than any other
dwarf - an imaginary creature who looks like a very small old man
efficient - sth that works well and produces good results using time and supplies in
the most effective way
enable - give sb an opportunity to do sth, make possible
entire - all or every part of sth
estimate - say what you think an amount or value will be either by guessing or using
the information available
exclude - deliberately not include, leave out
feature - an important part or aspect of sth
format - an arrangement, design or organisation of sth
giggle - laugh in a nervous, excited or silly way that is difficult to control
global - including and affecting the whole world
grasp - take hold of sth, understand sth, take an advantage of an opportunity
immense - extremely large
impatient - annoyed because sth is not happening as quickly as you want or in a way
you want
implications - a possible effect or result, sth that you suggest is true
impression - opinion or feeling you have about sth or someone, sth you have seen
but don’t know very well
inclusive - including all costs, aiming to involve all types of people
independence - freedom from control by another country or organisation
influence - the effect that a person or thing has on someone’s decisions and opinions
or on the way sth happens
inhabitant - a person who lives in a particular place
interact - communicate with one another, react to one another
international - involving several countries, existing between countries
interpret - translate an oral speech
lead - go in front of a group, be winning
legal - relating to the law, allowed by law
lingua franca - a language people use to communicate when they have different first
languages
linguistically - relating to languages, words
literally - to show that what you’re saying is true, obvious meaning of the words that
are used
majority - most of the people or things in a group
mammoth - an animal similar to an elephant with long hair that lived a very long
time ago
manually - to do sth using one’s hands
media - radio, TV, newspapers and magazines considered as a group
mentally - existing in the mind, relating to the diseases or health of the mind
minority - a small number of people or things that are part of a larger group
mother tongue - the main language you learn as a child
multilingual - able to speak several different languages well
negotiations - formal discussions in which people in groups try to reach an
agreement, especially in business or politics
offend - to make someone upset and angry by doing or saying sth
official - done by people in authority, things that are decided by government
operation - a planned activity involving a lot of people, an action necessary to
achieve sth, a process of cutting someone’s body for medical reasons
outdo - be better than someone else at doing sth
patron - someone who supports writers, artists, etc. by giving them money, a
famous person who supports an organisation and allows it to use his
name in its advertising
placement - a process of finding someone a place where they can live work or study
an act of putting someone into a position
platform - a raised structure, a place where one can get on the train, a chance to
express ideas; policies, aim of a party
polished - clean and shiny because of being rubbed with a chemical substance, of
a high quality, confident and skilled at doing sth
process - (n) a series of things that happen and have a particular result
proficient - very skilful at sth that you have learned
projected - planned to happen in the future
prosperous - rich and successful
regional - relating to or typical of a particular area of a country or the world
regional accent - a typical way people speak in a certain area
rehearse - practise a play or a concert before giving a performance
reliable - someone you can trust to behave well, work hard or do what you expect
them to do
religion - the belief in the existence of a god
reward - sth good that happens or that you receive because of sth you have done
rough - not smooth, difficult, not gentle
sharply - suddenly and by a large amount, in a severe way
skilled - having the ability and experience to do sth well
slogan - a short phrase used for advertising sth, a short sentence used by a political
party
spectacle - unusual, exciting or impressive event or sight
target - sth that you try to achieve, someone you’re trying to get as a customer
target market - a region where a salesman wants to start selling his goods
taxation - the system a government uses for collecting money from people in the
form of taxes
thankfully - used for saying you’re pleased that sth unpleasant is no longer
happening or didn’t happen; in a grateful way
tremendous - used to emphasise that sth (amount, achievement, feeling) is
extremely great, important or strong
unbeatable - impossible to defeat in a competition, better than anything else of the
same type
unchecked - not controlled, prevented from happening
variety - collection or number of people, things, etc. that are all different from one
another; a type of plant; entertainment of short performances
version - form of sth that is different from other forms or from the original;
a description of sth that happened according to one person
weep - to cry because you feel unhappy or have some other strong emotion
whisper - say sth very quietly so that others cannot hear
whistle - make a sound by forcing air through your mouth
workload - an amount of work that a person or organisation has to do
yawn - open your mouth wide and take a big breath usually because you’re tired or
bored
yell - say sth in a loud voice, make a loud noise because you’re angry, afraid,
excited or in pain
