Henri Rousseau (1844-1910)
Arguably the greatest exponent of naive (naif) or primitive art, the self-taught French painter Henri Rousseau ("Le Douanier") was derided by critics but much admired by many of his fellow artists, including the colourist Henri Matisse, the Post-Impressionist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and the Cubist Robert Delaunay, as well as Pablo Picasso who championed the strong colour and child-like simplicity of his primitive landscape painting. Picasso hosted a dinner in the painter's honour in 1908, which duly triggered a wave of intellectual interest in the Rousseau's works, and elevated his primitivism to the level of high art. Rousseau was later revered by Surrealists in the 1920s for the surrealism of images such as The Sleeping Gypsy (1897), which is now one of the world's most popular posters of modern art.
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